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Server Administration Articles

Technical insights and best practices for Server Administration

Server Administration

Server Log Analysis with AWStats on CentOS 6 and Apache

How to build reports from raw Apache or Nginx access logs with AWStats on CentOS 6: log format, config, cron, protected access, and limits.

Postfix on CentOS 6: Mail Delivery with PTR, SPF and DKIM

A reference setup for Postfix on CentOS 6 (2012): fix mail rejected or sent to spam with matching DNS, restricted SMTP, TLS submission with SASL, SPF and DKIM.

OpenVZ failcnt: Diagnosing Memory Denials on a Shared-Kernel VPS

How to tell when an OpenVZ container is being refused resources: read user_beancounters, interpret failcnt, and shrink MySQL and Apache to fit the limits.

Linux Server Hardening: SSH, iptables and sysctl Baseline (2010)

A 2010-era baseline for CentOS 5 and Ubuntu 10.04: key-only SSH, a default-drop iptables policy, sysctl network settings and fewer listening services.

Replacing FTP with chrooted SFTP on CentOS 5 using OpenSSH

Why plain FTP exposes credentials, and how to lock users into a directory with OpenSSH ChrootDirectory and internal-sftp on CentOS 5.

Apache and Lighttpd: Cutting Idle-Connection Memory on CentOS 5

Why Apache prefork wastes RAM on static files and slow clients, and how a lighttpd front end plus tuned MaxClients and keep-alive fixes it on CentOS 5.

Diagnosing memory limits on an OpenVZ VPS with user_beancounters

A 2009 reference for VPS users on container-based hosting: why "Cannot allocate memory" appears while free shows RAM, and how to read and fix it.

OpenVZ Containers: Diagnosing and Fixing User Beancounter Limits

Why services in an OpenVZ container fail with allocation errors while free memory looks fine, and how to find and raise the exhausted User Beancounter limit.

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